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Potential Gene Flow Between Gossypium hirsitum and Abelmoschus esculentus Through Interspecific Hybridization
Molo Thierry,
Likeng-Li-Ngue Benoit Constant,
Ngalle Hermine Bille,
Nyouma Achille,
Mbo Nkoulou Luther Fort,
Eya’a Ngombo Clement,
Bell Joseph Martin
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-5
Received:
2 January 2023
Accepted:
25 January 2023
Published:
24 February 2023
Abstract: The introduction of transgenic varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsitum) in Cameroon has posed numerous concerns. One of the most concern was the horizontal transfer of the Bt gene to related species such as Abelmoschus esculentus. The current study was conducted to assess the occurrence Bt gene transfer from Gossypium hirsitum to Abelmoschus esculentus. To achieve this, the stigma receptivity periods and the viability of pollen grains were evaluated. The fruit set rates of 675 controlled intra- and interspecific crosses were assessed. The results showed that stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability are optimal at anthesis in both species, with a longer duration over 24 hours in G. hirsitum. Intra-specific crosses within the two species have shown fruit set rates of nearly 60-80%. Interspecific crosses gave a fruit set rate close to 2%, especially when A. esculentus is used as the female parent, and zero results in reciprocal crosses. The finding of the study pointed out that the possibility of horizontal transfer of a transgene to cotton relatives. In future studies, it would be useful to monitor the fate of seeds from interspecific crosses between both species and assess the agro-morphological and molecular characteristics of these possible hybrids.
Abstract: The introduction of transgenic varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsitum) in Cameroon has posed numerous concerns. One of the most concern was the horizontal transfer of the Bt gene to related species such as Abelmoschus esculentus. The current study was conducted to assess the occurrence Bt gene transfer from Gossypium hirsitum to Abelmoschus escule...
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Genetic Diversity and Demographic Evolution Using SRY Gene Polymorphism in Four Lineages of Ladoum Sheep in Senegal
Sembene Pape Madiop,
Mbaye Fatimata,
Sembene Pape Mbacke
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
6-17
Received:
29 January 2023
Accepted:
17 February 2023
Published:
28 February 2023
Abstract: Knowledge of spatial and temporal distribution of genetic diversity within and between populations is a crucial step for establishing strategies management of Animal genetic resources. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure of local sheep breeds. Specifically, it will characterize the genetic diversity, differentiation and evolution of the SRY gene in four main lineages of Ladoum sheep in Senegal. After alignments and corrections, a total of 42 sequences were used for analysis of SRY genetic diversity and demographic evolution. The standard indices of genetic diversity, genetic differenciation, analyses of hierarchical molecular variance (AMOVA) and demographic tests were compute. Analysis of genetic variability parameters in the overall population revealed a low level of polymorphism in the SRY gene. Haplotypic diversity is much higher than the average nucleotide divergence between all pairs of haplotypes. The genetic distances, as well as the values of the genetic differentiation factor beetween lineages, reveal two genetic groups; one made up of the individuals of “Birahim” and the other, grouping the three lineages individuals. Differences in frequencies of essential proteins for a multitude of functions in the body are observed between the "Birahim" lineage and the others. The comparative trends in genetic diversity indices, the shape of the mismatch distribution curves, demographic indices and demogenetic tests show a rapid and recent expansion population from an ancestral small size. The Z-test analysis of selection revealed that SRY gene is under selection. Unlike “Batling” who is under negative selection, "Birahim" and "Gorgui" are under positive selection. This study has made a significant contribution to understanding the genetic structure of the Ladoum raised in Senegal.
Abstract: Knowledge of spatial and temporal distribution of genetic diversity within and between populations is a crucial step for establishing strategies management of Animal genetic resources. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure of local sheep breeds. Specifically, it will characterize the genetic diversity, dif...
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Study of the Genetic Diversity of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Ecotypes of Niger Using SSR Markers
Bori Haoua,
Idi Saidou Sani,
Zangui Hamissou,
Adam Toudou
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
18-26
Received:
9 February 2023
Accepted:
25 February 2023
Published:
9 March 2023
Abstract: Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.), a member of the Cyperaceae family, is a plant cultivated in Niger for its tubers. The present study focuses on the molecular characterization of 10 Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) ecotypes from Niger. These Tiger Nuts ecotypes were collected in the Tiger Nuts producing regions of Niger (Dosso and Maradi). DNA extraction and genetic diversity analysis were carried out at the molecular biology laboratories of ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India. Codominant nuclear and polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) markers were used. The genetic diversity parameters calculated are: polymorphism rate (P) at the 95% threshold, allelic diversity (A), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity rate and the panmixy deviation in a subpopulation (Fis) under the Hardy-Weinberg hypotheses. The results showed that genetic diversity ranged from 0.03 (StvCyR_181a and StvCyR_327ska) to 0.60 (StvCyR_93ska) with a mean of 0.28 and. For the Tiger Nuts producing regions, the average deficit in heterozygotes is highly significant, with a mean Fis of 0.415 (Fis, 1000 permutation test, P<0.001). A significant amount of variability (27%) from differentiation between the ecotypes studied was observed in the analysis of molecular variance. These results clearly show a genetic differentiation between the populations of the large, small and wild Tiger Nuts, grouping them into three distinct groups. The study also showed that the genetic structure of the Tiger Nuts is not linked to a particular geographical origin and that the molecular tests give us evidence of conserved variability in the Niger Tiger Nuts ecotypes.
Abstract: Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.), a member of the Cyperaceae family, is a plant cultivated in Niger for its tubers. The present study focuses on the molecular characterization of 10 Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) ecotypes from Niger. These Tiger Nuts ecotypes were collected in the Tiger Nuts producing regions of Niger (Dosso and Maradi). DNA ...
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Effect of Age and Different Doses of GnRH and PGF2α Analogue on Oesturs Synchronization and Conception Rate of Crossbreed Heifers
Manik Chandra Barman,
Srabone Sarker,
Atikur Rahaman,
Syed Ali Azmal,
Jannatun Nime,
Abdus Sattar,
Akramul Haque,
Shiekh Mohammad Abdul Matin,
Abdul Hamid
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
27-37
Received:
18 February 2023
Accepted:
7 March 2023
Published:
16 March 2023
Abstract: Forty-eight crossbreed heifers were artificially inseminated within 10-20 hours after standing heat to evaluate the effects of different doses of hormones and age on reproductive performance synchronized with GnRH and PGF2α. On day 90 after artificial insemination, the conception rate was confirmed by rectal palpation. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in oesturs response in maximum doses (1.5 ml GnRH used in group III) of the hormone-treated group. The conception rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the highest treatment group (1.5 ml, 66.67%) than in low treatment groups (1 ml and 1.3 ml; 42.85% and 44.44%; respectively) in morning synchronization protocol (83.33%). The effect of different doses of the hormone on conception rates was statistical significance on the age of crossbreed heifers (P<0.05), time of initiation of ovsynch (P<0.05), time of insemination (P<0.05), semen placement (P<0.05), body condition score (P<0.05), retrieve to natural oesturs and subsequent pregnancy rate (P<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant (P>0.05) effect on conception rate by the onset of oesturs and duration of oesturs. The highest oesturs rate and conception rate was observed at 75.00% and 66.67%; respectively by administration of maximum doses of the hormone of body condition score (3) 69.23% of crossbreed heifer. When 1.5 ml GnRH was used in group III, the conception rate was observed higher at 25-30 months of age (77.78%) which were inseminated in the site of the deep cervix (77.77%) with frozen-thaw semen by experience inseminator at 10-14 hours (75%) after the onset of oesturs and naturally retrieve of oesturs on conception rate (75%). It was concluded that the age of the heifers, doses of the hormone, Body Condition Score (BCS), time of initiation of synchronization protocol, time of AI, semen placement and retrieve to oesturs naturally were the most important factors to get maximum oesturs response and conception rate of crossbreed heifers. So, it may be suggested that to achieve the desired rate of oesturs and conception, the farmers should inseminate their crossbreed heifers (BCS, 3 out of 5) with maximum doses of hormone in the deep cervix by technically sound and skilled inseminator at 10-14 hours after onset of oesturs in morning synchronization protocol. GnRH and PGF2α analogs could successfully induce oesturs response and improve the fertility of a dairy herd. Therefore, ovsynch protocol for crossbreed heifers is needed for further work involving a large number of animals for a definite conclusion.
Abstract: Forty-eight crossbreed heifers were artificially inseminated within 10-20 hours after standing heat to evaluate the effects of different doses of hormones and age on reproductive performance synchronized with GnRH and PGF2α. On day 90 after artificial insemination, the conception rate was confirmed by rectal palpation. There were significant differ...
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