Research Article
Implication of Mt-CYB Gene Mutations in the Genetic Evolution of Breast Cancer in Chad
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-13
Received:
17 December 2025
Accepted:
26 December 2025
Published:
20 January 2026
Abstract: Background WHO reports in 2024 revealed that breast cancer affects women of all ages from puberty onward, with incidence increasing with age. Approximately 2.3 million new cases were recorded. In 2022, this disease caused 670,000 deaths worldwide. Low-penetrance genes, although not systematically associated with a high risk of breast cancer, appear to play an important role. These genes, frequently mutated in the general population, contribute significantly to breast cancer susceptibility, particularly when they interact with environmental factors or other genetic mutations. This study aims to evaluate the involvement of MT-CYB gene mutations in the progression of breast cancer among Chadian women. Methods We analyzed the variability of the MT-CYB gene in 43 patients using the PCR-sequencing technique. First, raw sequencing data were processed through the Mutation Surveyor software, which compares submitted chromatograms with the reference sequence. Next, we identified present mutations and assessed their potential impact on pathogenicity. Results Our findings highlight the potential role of the MT-CYB gene in the development of breast cancer in Chadian women. We identified 53 mutations, including 21 (39.62%) homozygous and 32 (60.37%) heterozygous mutations. Among them, 14 were already listed in the dbSNP database, while 39 were novel, with the majority found in cancerous tissues. Among these mutations, 69.81% (37/53) were non-synonymous substitutions, resulting in an amino acid change in 86.04% (37/43) of cases. Pathogenicity analysis revealed that 48.64% (18/37) were potentially deleterious, while 51.35% (19/37) were classified as neutral polymorphisms according to prediction software that considers protein structure. A detailed evaluation of the non-synonymous mutations showed that, of the 37 analyzed, 67.56% (25/37) were considered pathogenic, and 32.43% (12/37) were deemed benign. Conclusion These results highlight the crucial importance of prevention, early detection and genetic research to better understand and treat breast cancer.
Abstract: Background WHO reports in 2024 revealed that breast cancer affects women of all ages from puberty onward, with incidence increasing with age. Approximately 2.3 million new cases were recorded. In 2022, this disease caused 670,000 deaths worldwide. Low-penetrance genes, although not systematically associated with a high risk of breast cancer, appear...
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Research Article
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Character Association of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) varieties Using Agromorphological Characters
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
14-24
Received:
29 May 2025
Accepted:
16 June 2025
Published:
26 February 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijgg.20261401.12
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Abstract: Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification through agro-morphological characterization is fundamental in order to provide information for genetic resources conservation and breeding programs. The overall objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability of watermelon varieties cultivated in Cameroon. Five watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield and its contributing characters in watermelon during 2017. Analysis of variance showed significant variation for all the studied characters, indicating the presence of sufficient variability in the material. Germination rates of the five varieties vary from 61.11 ± 5.82 to 90.71 ± 1.12% for Sugar Baby and Kaolack. Emergence time ranges from 7.03 ± 0.87 (Kaolack) to 8.73 ± 1.03 (Koloss), while flowering time varies from 28.27 ± 0.45 (Crimson Sweet) to 36.24 ± 0.32 (Sugar Baby) days. The number of fruits (fruit count) show that Kaolack has the highest number of fruits per plant (3.55 ± 0.89), followed by Crimson Sweet (3.32 ± 0.5) while Koloss presents the lowest number of fruits per plant (2.12 ± 0.27). Of the 45 correlations performed, 26 were negative and 19 were positive. All negative correlations were not significant at the 5% level, while 5 positive correlations were significant. This result shows that length of fruit is correlated with weight of fruit (0.99) and weight of one hundred seeds (0.88). Moreover, the correlation between these two fruit characteristics (weight of fruit and length of fruit) appeared strong and positive (0.92). The phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 20.35 to 201.49 for the seed shape and weight of fruit parameters, respectively, while the genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 17.72 to 198.65 for the same traits, respectively. All the traits studied showed that the phenotypic variance was higher than the genotypic variance. High broad-sense heritability coupled with moderate-high genetic advance was recorded for weight of one hundred seeds (11.63), while high broad-sense heritability associated with low genetic advance values was obtained for seed shape (0.21), seedling emergence time (5.89), and number of fruits per plant (6.43). Only the first two axes of the principal component analysis were taken into account because they explained about 92.31% of the variation observed in the varieties. The main parameters associated with these two axes were weight of fruit, length of fruit, flowering time, weight of one hundred seeds and life cycle. Based on the variation, 5 genotypes were grouped into three classes using the K-means classification. Further studies involving biochemical and molecular markers are recommended for deeper characterization.
Abstract: Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification through agro-morphological characterization is fundamental in order to provide information for genetic resources conservation and breeding programs. The overall objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability of watermelon varieties cultivated in Cameroon. Five watermelon (C...
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,
Fatimata Mbaye
